For fifty years, both as a combat veteran, police officer, and trainer for law enforcement and the military, Charles “Sid” Heal has devoted his time to limiting the occasions for catastrophic loss of life and to defusing potentially explosive, life-endangering situations. He has written on de-escalation tactics (Sound Doctrine: A Tactical Primer) and ways to end hostage situations (An Illustrated Guide to Tactical Diagramming). In CONCEPTS OF NONLETHAL FORCE, Heal explores the arsenal of non-lethal methods to bring order to out-of-control situations, such as riots, or to tackle assailants in a way that minimizes the risk of somebody being killed - whether the officer or the civilian. He also examines the history of non-lethal interventions, and the many ambiguities and difficulties associated with using such materials to minimize casualties, harm to innocent bystanders, and property damage.